N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide, DEET

N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide, commonly known as DEET, is a widely used insect repellent with various properties and applications.

Properties

Chemical Properties: DEET is a colorless to amber-colored liquid with a faint citrus-like odor. It is practically insoluble in water but is soluble in ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, and cottonseed oil.

Physical Properties: DEET has a density of approximately 0.998 g/cm³, a melting point of -45°C, a boiling point of 297.5°C, and a flash point of 141.7°C.

Stability: DEET is stable at normal environmental temperatures but should be kept away from strong oxidizers, strong acids, and strong bases.

Applications

Insect Repellent: DEET is primarily used to prevent insect bites, particularly mosquito bites. It interferes with the insect's olfactory system, preventing them from recognizing human or animal scents.

Military Use: DEET was invented by the U.S. military during World War II and was first used in 1946, later becoming available for civilian use. It was widely used in military operations in Vietnam and Southeast Asia.

Safety

Health Impact: DEET can cause irritation to human skin and eyes. It is recommended to avoid direct contact with broken skin and to wash off the product with water after use.

Environmental Impact: DEET is harmful to aquatic life and may have long-lasting effects on the environment. It has shown toxicity to coldwater fish such as rainbow trout and tilapia, and it can be detected in water bodies due to its production and use.